Journal: Journal of Advanced Research
Article Title: Short-chain fatty acid butyrate against TMAO activating endoplasmic-reticulum stress and PERK/IRE1-axis with reducing atrial arrhythmia
doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.08.009
Figure Lengend Snippet: SB supplement ameliorated TMAO-mediated activation of ER stress signaling and dysregulation of ionic signaling. (A) and (B) Representative images and statistical data show the expression of pPERK, PERK, pIRE1α, IRE1α, pNF-κB, NF-κB, pIP3R, IP3R, NCX, Kv1.5, and β-actin in HL-1 cells from control group (n = 3), TMAO treated (n = 3), SB treated (n = 3), and TMAO combined with SB treated group (n = 3) in three independent experiments. β-Actin was used as a loading control. * P < 0.05. ** P < 0.01. TMAO versus control or SB or TMAO combined with SB treatment.
Article Snippet: Then, the blots were incubated with primary antibodies against phospho-PERK (pPERK; #3179, Cell signaling), PERK (#3192, Cell signaling), phospho-IRE1α (pIRE1α; NB100-2323, Novus), IRE1α (#3294, Cell signaling Technology), phospho-NF-κB (pNF-κB; #3033, Cell Signaling Technology), NF-κB (#8242, Cell Signaling Technology), phospho-IP3R (pIP3R; #3760, Cell signaling Technology), IP3R (#8568, Cell signaling Technology), NCX (MA3-926, Thermo Fisher Scientific), Kv1.5 (APC-004, Alomone Lab), and β-actin (sc-47778, Santa Cruz).
Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, Control